Manufacturers in the UK have cut back output at the fastest rate in 11 months, compounding the gloomy picture for the British economy, according to a closely watched survey. The purchasing managers’ index (PMI) for manufacturing fell in December to 47, down from 48 in November – its weakest reading since February. Any reading below 50 signals a contraction. Sterling fell on foreign exchange markets after the news, underlining the challenge facing the Labour government, as it hopes for an economic upturn. The pound was down almost 1% against the dollar by mid-afternoon in London, at $1.24 – the lowest