In 1999, when Jair Candor came across four huts, several hunting blinds and a fishing spot used by a previously unknown group of people, he immediately followed government policy and retreated. Brazil’s 1988 constitution requires that such places – where uncontacted peoples or isolados are proven to be – be declared Indigenous territory and outsiders should avoid making unwanted contact with communities living there. Twenty five years on, Candor is still fighting to have this part of the southern Amazon officially recognised on behalf of the isolated Kawahiva people, who live in the largest undemarcated Indigenous land in the Pardo