Labake Ajiboye-Richard, the founder of a Lagos-based sustainability consultancy, was driving in Nigeria’s most populous city earlier this month when she saw someone throwing rubbish out of their car window. “I was so shocked to see that in 2024,” she said. “If you’re throwing something on the road, what are you doing in your home? What are you doing in your community?” Lagos – like the rest of Nigeria – has a rubbish problem, particularly when it comes to plastic. Figures from the World Bank show the country generates 27.6m kilotonnes of municipal solid waste annually – one of the