IRAN’S war has lessons for Pakistan. Can Iran survive half a century of technological and trade embargoes and infrastructural bombardment? While GDP and foreign reserves are standard metrics of survival, Iran has shown that national endurance is actually measured by the depth of human capital. Even if the political order crumbles, Iran’s foundational capacity to innovate remains an indestructible strategic armour, a result of a deliberate immersion in science, technology, engineering and mathema