Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese is set to arrive in Beijing on Saturday, marking the first visit by an Australian leader to China in seven years. This visit comes after a period of heightened tensions, marked by sanctions, accusations of foreign interference, and other disputes.
The recent diplomatic warming signs include China’s unexpected release of Chinese-Australian journalist Cheng Lei, who had been detained for over three years. China has also indicated a willingness to review tariffs on Australian exports. In return, Australia has halted certain actions against China at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and approved the Chinese lease of a port in Darwin.
The history of Australia-China relations began 50 years ago, with both countries profiting immensely from trade, particularly in sectors like iron ore, coal, and gas. Over the decades, ties deepened, resulting in a significant Chinese diaspora in Australia.
But the relationship faced strains, starting around 2018, with Australia’s decision to exclude Chinese firm Huawei from its 5G network rollout, citing security reasons. Tensions intensified with Australia’s criticisms of China’s actions in Hong Kong and the origins of Covid-19.
The Aukus security pact, which Australia joined, was seen as a measure against China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific. However, the ascent of Mr. Albanese to power in 2022 signaled a possible thaw, with both countries recognizing the importance of their bilateral relationship.
Although Australia has been recalibrating its approach, shifting from an aggressive stance to one of “stabilisation”, public sentiment in Australia remains wary of China’s rising military ambitions.
Mr. Albanese’s meeting with President Xi Jinping will be closely monitored, especially by the U.S., after the Australian Prime Minister’s recent visit to the country. Mr. Albanese has emphasized the need for “dialogue” and understanding between the two nations.
Yet, as discussions resume, several issues remain unresolved. These include the imprisonment of Australian writer Yang Hengjun in China and Australia’s concerns over China’s increasing influence in the Pacific Islands. China, on the other hand, is watchful of Australia’s defense strategies and deepening military ties with the U.S.
The foundational principle of “mutual benefit”, emphasized 50 years ago, remains at the core of the relationship. However, Australia’s alignment with U.S. policies means its stance towards China will be based primarily on economic considerations.
In summary, while the upcoming visit holds the promise of eased trade barriers, major breakthroughs in the relationship are not anticipated. Canberra’s focus will likely be on ensuring open channels of communication, avoiding further diplomatic standoffs.
